Are third-party witnesses required to testify in Israeli arbitration?

Not directly. An arbitral tribunal cannot subpoena a third party who is not bound by the arbitration agreement. To compel a third-party witness, the requesting party must obtain a judicial assistance order from the relevant District Court under Section 28 of the Arbitration Law 1968 or Section 27 of the ICA Law 2024. The court can then issue a witness summons enforceable by civil contempt sanctions. Allow 4 to 8 weeks for the court application process.