What is the difference between a Toshav Hozer and an Oleh Hadash?

An Oleh Hadash is a new immigrant — someone who has never lived in Israel as a resident before (or whose previous residency was in childhood and who qualifies under the Law of Return). A Toshav Hozer is an Israeli citizen or former resident who left Israel after living there and is now returning. The two have separate benefit frameworks: Olim receive the full absorption basket including monthly stipends and a longer acclimation period; Toshavim Chozrim receive benefits scaled to how long they were abroad, with veteran returning residents (10+ years) receiving the most generous package.