Will my Israeli bank report my account to the IRS, HMRC, or other tax authorities?

Yes. Israel is a signatory to both FATCA and the OECD Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Under the Israeli-US FATCA agreement (in force since 2014), Israeli banks identify US persons and report their account balances and income to the Israel Tax Authority, which then shares the data with the IRS. Under CRS, Israeli banks similarly report accounts held by tax residents of over 100 signatory countries. If you open an Israeli account as a US citizen, expect to complete an IRS Form W-9 at the bank. Non-US foreigners complete a self-certification of tax residency under CRS. Failing to disclose your country of tax residency accurately can result in the bank freezing or closing the account.