Who is responsible for repairs in a rented Israeli apartment?

Under the Rental and Borrowing Law 1971, the landlord is responsible for defects that existed at the start of the tenancy and for repairs that are beyond normal wear and tear — structural issues, plumbing failures, heating system breakdowns, and similar. The tenant is responsible for minor day-to-day maintenance and for damage caused by their own actions. The lease may adjust this allocation, but cannot strip the tenant of their statutory rights entirely.