Do I inherit my parent's debts in Israel?

Not personally. Under the Israeli Inheritance Law 5725-1965, heirs do not assume personal liability for the deceased's debts. Debts are paid from estate assets before anything is distributed. If debts exceed assets, you simply receive nothing — creditors cannot pursue you for the shortfall out of your own pocket, provided you have not yet received estate property. If you have already received property, you can be held liable only up to the value of what you received.