Can wages be garnished in Israel without a court judgment?

Yes, in certain circumstances. The "known debtor" (*chayav hamakir b'chovo*) procedure under the Enforcement Law allows a creditor to open an execution file and pursue wage garnishment without first obtaining a court judgment, if the debt is evidenced by a promissory note, an acknowledged debt agreement, a cheque, or a mortgage deed. This shortcut significantly reduces cost and time. However, the debtor can challenge the enforcement and seek a stay from the court if they dispute the underlying obligation, at which point the creditor may need to litigate after all.