Can I file for child custody in Israeli Family Court even if I live abroad?

Yes, in certain circumstances. The Israeli Family Court has jurisdiction over a child who is habitually resident in Israel, regardless of where the parents live. If the child was wrongfully removed from Israel or retained in Israel, you may also petition under the Hague Convention on International Child Abduction, which Israel acceded to in 1991. File at the Family Court in the district where the child is currently located. Legal representation by an Israeli attorney is strongly advised.