Can I enforce an Israeli promissory note without going to court?

Yes. Under the Bills of Exchange Ordinance (New Version) 5717-1957 and the Execution Law 5727-1967, a holder of a valid Israeli promissory note can open an enforcement file directly at the Execution Office without first obtaining a court judgment. The Execution Office treats the note as equivalent to a judgment debt once the file is opened. Enforcement can begin within days of the debtor's default, and bank account seizures typically follow within 30 to 45 days of filing.