Can a foreign national hold and enforce an Israeli promissory note?

Yes. There are no nationality restrictions on holding or enforcing an Israeli promissory note. A foreign creditor can open an Execution Office file, pursue enforcement measures, and collect from Israel. The practical requirements are: a valid Israeli promissory note, a Hebrew-language filing or certified Hebrew translation, and Israeli legal representation. A power of attorney (yipuy koach) granted to an Israeli attorney — properly notarised and apostilled — is sufficient to manage the entire enforcement process remotely.