If I spend exactly 182 days in Israel, am I automatically a non-resident?

Not necessarily. The 183-day rule creates a legal presumption of residency above that threshold, but it is not a hard cutoff in the other direction. Even below 183 days, if your "center of life" — your family, permanent home, economic interests, and social ties — is centered in Israel, the Israeli Tax Authority can still classify you as a resident. Carefully document your travel, maintain meaningful connections in your home country, and keep your family and primary assets abroad if you want to sustain a non-resident position.